So, you want to know where’s it OK to go with or for some cannabis-inclusive R&R. We feel ya! Everyone needs a break every now and then. And if you want your getaway to feature some hemp- or marijuana-derived products — it’s good to have a shortlist of cannabis-friendly countries and states to head to.
In this post, we break it down by cannabis type and destination. So, pack your bags and get ready to roll!
For more cannabis-related basic info, we recommend that you make a pit stop at our Can I Travel with Cannabis? post.
A little context before we globetrot.
Cannabis tourism is a big deal. It’s no longer just about trips to Amsterdam to check out the coffee shops (wink-wink). People want to consume hemp- or marijuana-related products that contain CBD and THC (and other cannabinoids) for wellness and pleasure while traveling.
According to Forbes, the weed travel sector is currently a $17B-and-growing industry.(1) About 18% of cannabis sales in 2021 were by tourists. With increasing legalization the cannabis sector has continued to grow and evolve further since 2021. And, of course, cannabis tourism drives ancillary spending on hotels, restaurants, attractions, etc.
In terms of people, the numbers are equally impressive. Just check out these stats they highlight:(1)
Now on to the fun part! Let’s see where you can enjoy a cannabis-spiked adventure or retreat….
If you’re all in on the idea of having a cannabis-infused vacation, you’ve got options. A lot of them.
For example, depending upon where you go and how you get there, you could include cannabis on your itinerary by:
Trust us — you won’t run out of places to explore. There are enough cannabis-allowing states that you can see America and partake in marijuana and hemp goodies. If your heart’s set on filling your passport pages with stamps, there’s no shortage of weed-friendly countries to visit, too.
If you’re headed out for special occasion travel, you’ll find themed or bundled trips to meet your needs — like weed-friendly honeymoon packages!
We’ve rounded up some of the locales that welcome cannabis and cannabis tourism. They span the globe, so make sure you have lots of map pins handy!
One bit of advice. While it’s permissible for you to use marijuana and/or CBD made from hemp as indicated in the sections below, you should always reconfirm the laws before you travel. Regulation is complex, different from place to place, and fluid. Cannabis rules are ever-evolving and you don’t want to get into any legal trouble while away.
CBD derived from hemp and containing no more than 0.3% THC is federally legal in the US. This means that — as far as Uncle Sam is concerned — you’re free to roam around the country toting along and consuming CBD products. However, it's recommended to carry the product in its original packaging and have proof of its lab testing results to verify its THC content. This can help speed things along and avoid any misunderstandings during security checks when flying. It's worth noting that the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) guidelines allow passengers to travel with FDA-approved medications and CBD products that contain THC content within legal limits.
As you may know, state and local laws may deviate from the national ones. Plus, how the laws are defined and implemented in each place can vary depending on the source of the CBD and the specific state laws. Some states may have their own regulations regarding the use of CBD products, so it's important to check the laws in your specific state.
Happily, there are no longer any states that outright prohibit CBD (cannabidiol) in all forms. Some states still have more-restrictive CBD oil access and rules, though. At a high level, here’s how it shakes out for CBD that meets federal standards:(2)
For example in Texas, CBD oil is legal for medical use if prescribed by a licensed physician for certain medical conditions, but possession of CBD products without a prescription can result in a fine. In Florida, Georgia, Virginia Missouri, and Oklahoma, CBD oil is legal for medical use if prescribed by a physician for certain medical conditions, but possession of CBD without a prescription is illegal.
It's important to note that the path to standardization and consistency among hemp-derived CBD and laws is still evolving. How it will develop in the future will depend on various factors, including political dynamics, public opinion, and evolving scientific research. The landscape of these laws and regulations is still in its infancy, so it's important to consult up-to-date sources or legal authorities for the most current information regarding CBD regulations in specific states and countries.
On the other hand, CBD derived from marijuana plants, which can contain higher levels of THC, may be subject to more restrictions in some states, as marijuana remains illegal under federal law. Several states have legalized the medical and/or recreational use of marijuana, and in those states, CBD derived from marijuana plants may be legal for certain medical conditions or for adults over a certain age. While states that have legalized marijuana for recreational or medical purposes generally have more permissive CBD regulations, the assumption that CBD derived from marijuana is always allowed in states that have legalized marijuana is not accurate. It's important to note that there can still be specific restrictions or licensing requirements for CBD products, including those derived from marijuana. Therefore, readers should refer to the specific laws and regulations of each state to determine the legality of CBD derived from marijuana.
To find more information about which US states allow the purchase, possession, and use of CBD derived from marijuana, reliable sources such as government websites, reputable legal resources, or industry organizations are helpful. Here are some suggested resources:
Each country has its specific allowances (mostly related to the amount of THC in the product), but CBD is legal in a ton of foreign lands like:(3)
Some places, such as Eswatini, have only given the green light to CBD oil for medical use. Meanwhile, other countries — like Jamaica and Costa Rica — have decriminalized CBD.
Keep in mind that — just because CBD’s legal in these locales — you may have to have a permit or buy your CBD once there (i.e., you can’t necessarily bring yours from home).(4)
As of 2021 countries where it’s highly restrictive, illegal, or outright banned to purchase, possess, or use CBD include:
Because the legality of CBD can change quickly, and laws can vary depending on the source of the CBD (hemp-derived vs. marijuana-derived) and the amount of THC in the product, it’s important if you are planning to travel with CBD or want to use it in a particular country, to research the current status of the specific laws and regulations in that country.
Let’s start out by saying that in many cases you cannot legally travel with marijuana. You absolutely can’t fly with it and, if not all, most train and cruise operators ban it. If you’re hitting the highways and byways — probably your best bet — you may be able to transport your marijuana-based items.
But remember, at the federal level, cannabis is still classified as a Schedule I controlled substance, which means it is illegal to transport across state lines, even between states where it is legal. This applies to both recreational and medical cannabis.
Additionally, individual states have their own laws regarding the possession and transportation of cannabis. Some states allow adults to possess and transport small amounts of cannabis for personal use within their borders, while others have stricter regulations or prohibit it entirely. It's crucial to research and comply with the laws of the states you are traveling to and through.
Again, you’ll have to verify what’s permitted in each jurisdiction you’ll be in.(5) However, it’s pretty common for states to treat marijuana like alcohol — like no open carry, no driving under the influence, sealed containers, age-restricted, etc.
To avoid legal issues, it is generally advised not to travel with marijuana, especially when crossing state or national borders. If you require cannabis for medical purposes, it is recommended to consult the laws and regulations of your destination and consider obtaining necessary documentation or alternative arrangements such as using local dispensaries or seeking medical recommendations upon arrival.
Always prioritize understanding and adhering to the specific laws and regulations of your departure and destination locations to ensure a safe and legal travel experience.
So, where can you go for a weed-friendly excursion? These US states and territories have legalized recreational marijuana use:(6)
Have at ’em and have fun!
Every country seems to have a different position on marijuana use. In the ones below, though, marijuana is either fully legal or has been decriminalized for personal and/or medical use. Furthermore, it's very common in these destinations to incorporate marijuana use into religious practices as well as everyday social scenarios.(7,8)
While we haven't listed them here, there are several other countries — e.g., The Netherlands, Cambodia, Laos, and Australia — where marijuana is technically illegal but readily available and culturally acceptable.
Transporting marijuana across international borders is strictly prohibited and can result in severe legal consequences. Customs and border control agencies actively enforce drug laws and may subject travelers to searches and inspections.
Rejoice! If you’re into travel and into cannabis, there are countless destinations you can dash off to and enjoy a little stash.
Cannabis tourism is popular and on the rise. This means many states and countries allow some form of cannabis-related product, be it hemp-derived CBD or THC- rich marijuana. Many allow both! Refer to our lists above but reconfirm the current federal and local laws of each place you’ll be traveling to and through and the rules of your travel providers to avoid any issues.
You’ll find all kinds of cannabis travel options in these locales: themed tours and day trips, dedicated clubs and bars, infused dining experiences, and more. And, as the juncture of cannabis and tourism continues to merge and grow — expect even more responsible use, hemp- and marijuana-forward opportunities and destinations in the future.
So, go see-BD the world and TH-see what adventures await you!
Traveling with cannabis can be complicated due to federal and state laws. CBD derived from hemp with less than 0.3% THC is legal when traveling within the US. However, transporting marijuana across state or national borders is illegal and can lead to severe legal consequences. Comply with the laws of the states you're traveling through to avoid any legal issues. It's generally recommended not to travel with marijuana.
According to the TSA, on domestic flights within the United States, yes — as long as it’s federally legal hemp-derived CBD with less than or equal to 0.3% THC.(9) However, this doesn’t mean it’s OK to have the CBD oil product at your origin, destination, or transit locations. Regulations regarding CBD oil on international flights can vary significantly. Again it's crucial to understand the laws of your destination country. Consulting with the embassy or consulate of your destination country for accurate and up to the date information is advisable.
There are too many to list, but here are some that show up on most round-ups: Uruguay (the first country in the world to legalize recreational cannabis in 2013), Canada, The Netherlands, Jamaica, Spain, Portugal, Croatia, Colombia. But, remember that the legal status of cannabis can vary greatly between different countries, and even within different regions of a country. Plus, cannabis laws and regulations can evolve over time — so always check for changes in the laws of each country you plan on being in. Additionally, cultural attitudes towards cannabis may vary even in countries with more relaxed laws, so it's important to respect local customs and norms.
You go out of your way to eat healthy foods and consume supplements to foster well-being. Presumably, you want to get some mileage out of those things — why else bear the cost or put forth the effort?
Well, there’s actually a measure of how much effect you’re getting from those substances. It’s called bioavailability.
In this post, we’ll explain:
Get ready to absorb critical info!
Bioavailability is the degree to which a substance — like a drug, supplement, or nutrient —reaches the bloodstream after being introduced into the body (e.g., by ingesting or inhaling). Often expressed as a percentage, bioavailability indicates how much of a substance is actually absorbed into and used by your system and the rate at which it does so.
There are three types of bioavailability:(1)
You can predict a substance’s bioavailability by assessing its bioaccessibility.(2) Bioaccessibility is defined as the total amount of a substance that enters the body and that is available for potential absorption.
The greater the bioaccessibility, the greater your prospects for better bioavailability. It’s like you’re working with a bigger pool of material.
So, to illustrate, if you consume 25 mg of a substance but only 20 mg actually assimilates into your body — that substance is only 80% bioaccessible. (The remaining bit — 5 mg — is inaccessible for one reason or another.) This means that even if this substance were 100% bioavailable, you’d only be able to get 20 mg of the active substance from that original 25 mg.
Figuring out bioavailability requires doing some simple math. You can convey bioavailability as a percentage or a proportion.
For example, let's say you're taking a drug that’s 60% bioavailable. That means that 60% of the drug will actually make its way into your bloodstream and start doing its job. The remaining 40% will likely be eliminated by your body before it has time to do any good.
Bioavailability can also be expressed as a ratio of the dose taken. So, if you take a 100mg dose of a supplement, 60 mg will make it into your bloodstream (60/100), while 40 mg will not (40/100).
Bioavailability can be affected by a variety of factors.(1,3,4) This includes a number of personal attributes like your:
Lifestyle choices can also impact bioavailability. These are things like:
Last, but not least, there are plenty of physiochemical properties that can influence bioavailability, such as:
Anything that runs through the gastrointestinal system — like CBD edibles and supplement capsules — will have less bioavailability than if it went directly into the bloodstream. This is because the substance is processed and affected by the liver before circulating through your body.
Knowing a substance's level of bioavailability can give you an idea of its likely magnitude of biological activity. Bioactivity refers to how effective a substance is at doing what it's supposed to do: helping your body function properly.
This measure can help you understand how well a given drug, supplement, or nutrient is working and whether it's worth taking again. A more bioavailable substance will be faster-acting and/or yield more effect per dose than a less bioavailable substance. In fact, a low-bioavailability substance may barely make it into your system at all!
For instance, if your aim is to get 10 mg of a drug into your bloodstream, it could be better to take 20 mg of a 50% bioavailable drug than 100 mg of a 10% bioavailable drug.
To be clear, this is a call that needs to be made based on the situation at hand. But, the point is that there may be other options on the table that you should consider. Ones that could be much more likely to work effectively and safely for you.
Maria Calabrese, Founder of Green Bee Life, trying a HOLISTIK Wellness CBD & Collagen drink mix. The mix is water-soluble for greater bioavailability.
Let's narrow our focus a bit now and look at bioavailability as it relates to CBD.
When CBD is consumed, it enters your body either directly into the bloodstream or via the digestive system (and then into your bloodstream from there). The bioavailability of CBD plays a role in how quickly and to what extent your body is able to process and utilize the cannabidiol.
So, what can you expect from a CBD oil product with greater bioavailability?
While all cannabinoids interact with endocannabinoid system receptors in the body, CBD has been shown to have particularly strong interactions with CB1 receptors. This means that — the more bioavailable the CBD is (5) the more it can influence its effectiveness at providing relief from conditions like chronic pain and other desired outcomes.
CBD bioavailability can also affect whether or not you experience side effects from taking CBD oil products.(6)
It’s impossible to nail down an “average bioavailability” of CBD. So, let’s see what some of the scientific literature is reporting.
Here are some numbers to mull over for different formulations and methods of administration:(8,9,10,11)
Injected CBD has a bioavailability of almost 100%. However, intravenous CBD is only done in medical settings by qualified professionals as it can be dangerous to consume CBD intravenously. In animal studies, this method of administration sometimes caused sudden high levels of CBD in the bloodstream, which can result in dangerously low blood pressure.(12)
* To clarify, this is not saying topicals are or aren’t effective. It’s simply indicating that the CBD from topicals doesn’t leach into the bloodstream much. Which is just how topical CBD is supposed to work.
CBD is available in various formulations — gummies, tinctures, softgels, etc. — and can be taken in several ways — ingested, intranasally, topically, etc.
As we’ve shown, the bioavailability of CBD is strongly influenced by the form, concentration, and consumption method. Each preparation and administration protocol translates into different levels of bioavailability. And, therefore, the necessity to adjust the strength and dosage of the product you take as well.
It’s important to choose a delivery system that will allow for optimal absorption and avoid any resistance from the body. For example, using sublingual CBD oil drops allows for quick and easy absorption into the bloodstream.
Which leads us to the most bioavailable forms of CBD oil. Inhaled CBD is reportedly the most bioavailable. However, there are health risks associated with smoking and vaping. If you’re concerned about lung health, sublingual or intranasal varieties of CBD — like CBD tinctures — are probably going to be your go-tos. These formulations are designed to enter directly into the bloodstream.
There are other tips and tricks to making your CBD more bioavailable. You can try:(13)
Bioavailability refers to how absorbable a substance is. Absorbability impacts how quickly and fully that substance can enter your body and be effective.
Generally speaking, greater bioavailability is desirable when it comes to nutrition, plant medicine, or any other instance in which you’re trying to derive benefit from that substance.
Bioavailability is the proportion of a substance — like CBD — that’s introduced to your body that your body is able to absorb and utilize.
Start by taking high-quality full-spectrum CBD or broad-spectrum CBD that has plenty of terpenes and flavonoids in it, ideally sublingually or intranasally. Consume your CBD with food, especially those that contain healthy fats and complementary compounds like pepper and turmeric.
It depends on the formulation and method of administration. On the high end of the spectrum are inhaled and sublingual CBD; topical and ingested CBD are on the lower end.
One of the biggest misconceptions about infusing cannabis into food and drinks is that you can just throw some marijuana nugs into a recipe and wah-lah, now you have an edible! Not the case. Raw cannabis will not give you the full psychoactive effects because it doesn’t naturally have THC but rather the acidic form of it, THCA which will not get you lifted or high.
“If you want to achieve the full psychoactive effects of your butters, fats, oils, sugars or alcohols, decarboxylating the plant material to convert the THCA to THC prior to infusion is essential,” according to Medical Jane.
WARNING: There will be a strong odor of marijuana during this process. To avoid strong odor you can consider a DIY edible maker kitchen appliance.
Legalization in and of itself does not include diversity or access to the cannabis industry.
Marijuana legalization and its ensuing commercialization require social equity programs to enable access and inclusion into the industry for marginalized populations and communities. Marijuana's bad rap is rooted in racism. Today, in the United States marijuana criminalization still disproportionately affects minority groups.
There were no federal restrictions on the sale or possession of cannabis in the United States in the 1800s. There were many applications for Hemp (from the cannabis), including using its fiber from the plant for clothes, paper, and rope. A New York Times article from 1876 cites the positive use of cannabis to cure a patient's dropsy (swelling from an accumulation of fluid).
Ironically in the early 1900s, Mexican immigrants fleeing poor conditions from their country brought the practice of growing and consuming "marihuana," the Spanish spelling to the United States. Harry Anslinger, the man behind the 1937 Marihuana Tax Act "took the scientifically unsupported idea of marijuana as a violence-inducing drug, connected it to black and Hispanic people, and created a perfect package of terror to sell to the American media and public. By emphasizing the Spanish word marihuana instead of cannabis, he created a strong association between the drug and the newly arrived Mexican immigrants who helped popularize it in the States. He also created a narrative around the idea that cannabis made black people forget their place in society. He pushed the idea that jazz was evil music created by people under the influence of marijuana." [Business Insider, Alyssa Pagano, Mar. 2, 2018]
Racist propaganda negatively shaped the public's perception of the plant and fueled discrimination. In 1938, within one year after the Marihuana Tax Act passed,
black people were about three times more likely to be arrested for violating narcotic drug laws than whites. And Mexicans were nearly nine times more likely to be arrested for the same charge.
[Business Insider, Alyssa Pagano, Mar. 2, 2018]
Today, as the list of states legalizing marijuana increases, so does epic economic opportunity, for some. The President of the United States holds firm to the unjust 1900's racial dogma and warns that minorities are crossing our borders, bringing drugs and murdering our people.
We’ll continue to share information to help one another during this pivotal time. If we can support you in any other way, please let us know.
Social Equity Resources Provided by Our Friends at
DONATE TO CANNABIS CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFORM:
Last Prisoner Project
Root and Rebound
Drug Policy Alliance
DONATE TO CANNABIS EQUITY OPERATORS AFFECTED BY RECENT ROBBERIES:
GoFundMe: Osanyin Support Fund
GoFundMe: Support an equity company, destroyed by looters
DONATE TO ORGANIZATIONS FIGHTING FOR BIPOC JUSTICE & EQUALITY:
The Bail Project
Color of Change
Black Futures Lab
Innocence Project
NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund
Equal Justice Initiative
SUPPORT SOCIAL EQUITY PROGRAMS:
Equity First Alliance
Equity Sessions
SF Equity Group
SHOP EQUITY & MINORITY-OWNED DISPENSARIES:
Padre Mu (Bay Area)
Posh Green Collective (San Francisco)
Berners on Haight (San Francisco)
The Farmacy (Berkeley)
Curing Hands (Sacramento)
Mankind (San Diego)
Bay Queen (Oakland)
Cal. Street Canna Co. (San Francisco)
Euphorium (East Bay)
Crystal Nugs (Sacramento)
GoodTreeLA (Long Beach and Los Angeles)
New Life (Oakland)
SHOP EQUITY & MINORITY-OWNED BRANDS:
Ardent
Marley Natural
Apothecarry
Viola Brands
Honeysuckle Magazine
GKUA
SF Roots
Gift of Doja
KGB Reserve
James Henry
Lady Gemini
Osanyin
DIOS
Kingston Royal
Conscious Mindz
Loud Brands USA
Lobo
LISTEN TO CANNABIS ACTIVISTS WORKING TO DE-STIGMATIZE CANNABIS, REPAIR COMMUNITIES & SHIFT CULTURE TO BE MORE INCLUSIVE:
Felicia Carbajal
Solonje Burnett
Nina Parks
Chaney Turner
"What is cannabis?" This may sound like a straightforward question. But when you get into it a little bit — you start to see that simplicity fray at the edges.
Why’s this? Because the terms cannabis, hemp, and marijuana are sometimes used differently by different people in different contexts, and not always accurately.
We’re here to lay it out for you so you know the proper definitions and usage for these terms. We’ll be sure to give you context to make it extra crystal clear. Just note that our focus in this post is primarily on the botanical and biological aspects of cannabis rather than regulatory or cultural differences.
There are literally hundreds of varieties of cannabis.(1) Cannabis is a member of the Cannabaceae family of plants, which includes more than 170 species. The three you’ll probably hear about most are Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis.
The one you’re here to learn about is Cannabis sativa, aka Cannabis sativa L. Marijuana and hemp are both subspecies of cannabis.(2)
Cannabis is a sturdy and herbaceous annual plant. You probably have an iconic image of a marijuana leaf floating in your mind’s eye. And while marijuana and hemp do look similar, they do have differentiating features.
Check out this comparison of the plants’ appearances:(3,4)
| Hemp Plants | Marijuana Plants | |
| Overall Appearance | Tall and slender, more scrawny tree-like | Stout and squat, more bush-like |
| Typical Max. Height | 20 ft. | 13 ft. |
| Growth Proximity | Several may grow close together | Tend to be spaced out |
| Stalks/Stems | Long and cane-like; few below top of plant | Many branches |
| Leaves | Fan shaped with fewer and skinnier “blades”; more sparse; predominantly at the top | Broader fan shaped with more and broader “blades”; more numerous and distributed |
| Flowers | Fewer; small, greenish yellow | More; tight, nuggety buds with small hairs or crystals |
Will the untrained eye be able to tell hemp and marijuana apart in the wild? Maybe not. But that’s only a concern if you’re a grower or producer. If you’re filling your cart with high-quality products from a reliable retailer — you’re all set (and this is just interesting trivia).
Cannabis is a hot topic most probably due to its cannabinoids. Cannabinoids are special and mighty plant compounds found in cannabis plants. These substances are the source of cannabis that enables it to support mental and physical health and wellness. The different collection of cannabinoids in a particular variety of cannabis contributes to how it can affect you and the outcomes it may produce.
There are over 140 identified cannabinoids. THC and CBD, two of only a handful of major cannabinoids, that are arguably the most well-known. But there are other up-and-comers from the ranks of the minor cannabinoids — like CBN, CBG, etc.
While cannabinoids come with a host of potential positive impacts for one’s well-being, there are significant differences. The biggest — or most noted — distinction is that THC is a psychoactive compound (It can get you high.) and CBD is not. Beyond the biology, there are legal and cultural differences, too.
Accompanying the cannabinoids are a stew of other plant compounds. Top billing goes to terpenes, flavonoids, and the many nutrients contained in our leafy green friends. These constituents have tons of health benefits in their own right but also can boost the effectiveness of cannabinoids. Go plant medicine!
Cannabis has a long, diverse, often misunderstood yet celebrated legacy — documentation of which goes back at least 10,000 years. Originating in China, cannabis is now found on most continents (anywhere it can be provided with a temperate climate).
During its long lifespan, cannabis — in its various, glorious forms — has been used in countless ways. Records indicate that it was the first cultivated crop. And that harvest was put to use in every conceivable area of life: food, textiles, construction, fuel, medicine, beauty care, land management….
As an adult recreational-, personal-, or medicinal-use plant, cannabis continues to be prepared and consumed in a multitude of manners. Here are several, just to give you an idea.
Formulations
Administration Methods
A mind-blowing array of words and phrases have evolved over the ages and pepper our current cannabis vernacular. Maybe this stems from the impressively varied usage and geographic spread of cannabis, marijuana, and hemp cultivation and consumption. After all, they’ve been around — they’re ancient and seemingly everywhere — growing like weeds.
But, words have meaning, which equates to power. This means the words we use matter. So let’s take a beat to underscore:
And, to be clear, when we say “cannabis,” we’re referring to Cannabis sativa L. Why are we harping on this point?
Because you’ll frequently see the words cannabis and marijuana used interchangeably and this isn’t strictly accurate. Cannabis can only be used in place of marijuana (or hemp) when speaking in generalities or intending less specificity.
It’s like saying all apples are fruits (true) versus all fruits are apples (not true). You can say “All marijuana is cannabis.” (true) but you can’t correctly say that “All cannabis is marijuana.” because it’s a false statement.
So, just as you can discuss the merits of apples and then also mention fruit in general, you can follow a similar pattern when writing or speaking about cannabis. For example:
✓ Correct:
X Incorrect:
The anatomy of CBD: Curious about the anatomy of a hemp plant or how it relates to CBD? Check out how the Government ranks it on their cannabis taxonomy chart.
As we’ve established, marijuana is one subspecies of cannabis.
There are hundreds, if not more, strains of marijuana. Some strains are actually hybrids of different cannabis subspecies — like a cross between sativa and indica. Each strain offers up its own characteristics.
So, what most notably makes marijuana marijuana? Probably its cannabinoid profile.
Most types of marijuana are considered to be higher in THC levels and lower in CBD level. THC is a psychoactive compound, meaning it’s capable of affecting your mind or altering mental and cognitive state. For this reason, marijuana’s more associated with feelings of being high or intoxicated.
There are exceptions. Certain strains of marijuana have been selectively bred to have lower THC and higher CBD levels. An example? Charlotte’s Webb (named after Charlotte Figi — look her up!) is a popular one.(5)
You know you’ve carved out a special place in society when you have as many nicknames and euphemisms as marijuana does. It has arrived!
Below are some of the more common — or beloved — monikers for marijuana and/or its products.
And this is just the tip of the leafy green iceberg. Pop culture sure has gotten creative with the street names and slang!
When it comes to the law, you might see the word marihuana, spelled with an h instead of a j.
This is an older spelling of marijuana. It’s common in legal contexts because it harkens back to the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937. And because it was originally codified with that spelling, many governing bodies also adopted it for their statutory language.(6)
Another critical legal point about marijuana: The federal government and many state, local, and tribal jurisdictions define any cannabis with over 0.3% THC to be marijuana. Regardless of whether or not it’s botanically part of the marijuana or hemp subspecies.
Again, hemp plants are a subtype of cannabis plants.
Before hemp was widely used for medicinally, it was a darling of the textiles and food industries. The fibers were ideal for crafting durable rope and cloth. The seeds are incredibly nutritious and versatile.
At one time, hemp production was among America’s most important commercial agricultural endeavors. For a slew of reasons, though, it was halted and outlawed by the 1937 Marihuana Tax Act. The 2014 and 2018 Farm Bills reopened the door to hemp production in the US.
Since then, hemp has started to flourish once again!
Hemp is brimming with goodness: cannabinoids, terpenes, etc. It's most recognized for its relatively high CBD and low THC profile. Because it has smaller amounts of THC, it’s less likely to produce any kind of psychotropic reaction when consumed.
CBD actually lacks the chemical features to create a high. This is the reason lots of people prefer hemp-derived CBD over marijuana-derived CBD. It’s also why hemp CBD is associated with calming sensations.
Here again we have the opportunity to clear the word-soup air.
First, you might come across hemp referred to as industrial hemp. Industrial hemp typically serves one or more of the following purposes:
Next, is another area of very common confusion: hemp vs CBD and hemp oil vs CBD oil. These pairs of terms aren’t synonymous.
Cannabis is a hearty, versatile, and age-old species of plant. Marijuana and hemp are two different subspecies of cannabis.
Each variety — as well as individual strains of each subspecies — has its own profile of cannabinoids (like THC and CBD) and other plant substances. It’s this unique combination of phytocompounds that offers up the distinct effects and potential wellness outcomes consumers look for.
It’s important to understand the language of cannabis so you know what you’re buying and using. Being a savvy consumer will help keep you safe and on the right side of the law. It’ll also help ensure that you’re getting the most effective products for your needs and preferences.
Cannabis is a plant of the cannabis sativa l species. Marijuana and hemp are subspecies.
Yes. Each strain of cannabis has a unique profile of cannabinoids (and terpenes, flavonoids, and other phytochemicals). It’s these differences that give each strain its signature appearance, aroma, flavor, and effect.
While both are major cannabinoids with a host of potential positive impacts for health and wellness, there are significant differences. The biggest — or most noted — distinction is that THC is a psychoactive compound (It can get you high.) and CBD is not. Beyond the biology, there are legal and cultural differences, too.
Cannabis is an elaborate plant. It’s full of hundreds of compounds that include cannabinoids, nutrients, and more.
In this comprehensive guide, will give you:
Prepare to be enlightened!
Cannabis — including marijuana and hemp — may be simple and green on the outside. But inside, they’re complex and practically bursting with a wealth of hard-working goodness. One type of heavy hitter contained in cannabis is the cannabinoid.
Cannabinoids are bioactive plant compounds, aka phytocompounds, that naturally occur in cannabis. Of the over 600 known phytocompounds in cannabis, at least 140 are cannabinoids.(1) The most in/famous cannabinoids are probably THC and CBD (Maybe you’ve heard of them?), though others are quickly gaining traction.
All species and subspecies of cannabis have cannabinoids. However, each type of cannabis has its own unique collection of cannabinoids. For example, marijuana and hemp each feature many cannabinoids, but in different proportions.
In plants, cannabinoids protect the organism from harmful UV rays, drying out, invasive insects, etc.
Once introduced to our bodies, cannabinoids interact with our endocannabinoid system as neurotransmitters. (Neurotransmitters are chemical-encoded messages that get relayed by a receiver.) In this capacity, they signal to your brain and body to respond in certain ways.
Again, each cannabinoid brings its distinct offering of possible effects to the party. Overall, though, it’s believed that the protective behavior cannabinoids have on their plant is somewhat ported over to those who consume them. Put a pin in this — we’ll come back to it momentarily after we showcase a few individual cannabinoids.
There are three different types of cannabinoids, two nature-made and one man-made.
These are cannabinoids that are made right in the cannabis plant. When you see the word “cannabinoid,” it’s usually referring to phytocannabinoids. From here on out (after this section defining each kind of cannabinoid) we’re going to focus on phytocannabinoids, which we’ll refer to as just cannabinoids.
Phytocannabinoids are only found in cannabis. But, recent research has discovered that quite a few other plants exhibit cannabinoid-like effects due to the compounds they contain.(2) This includes common items like chocolate, turmeric, echinacea, broccoli, black pepper, clove, and more. These plants either engage directly with the body like cannabinoids or mediate the effects of cannabinoids.
These are cannabinoids your body makes on demand. Because endocannabinoids are churned out on an as-needed basis, researchers don’t really have a clue what a “typical” level of them is.(3)
As of now, we know of two endocannabinoids:
Mama Earth hasn’t cornered the market on cranking out cannabinoids. Human ingenuity has made it possible for super smart people in lab coats to synthesize and produce artificial cannabinoids.
Man-made cannabinoids are designer replicas of phytocannabinoids. However, when created in a lab or manufacturing facility, only the “desirable” properties are kept. This approach is intended to preserve the beneficial traits (and their effects) while stripping out “undesirable” qualities.
Synthetic cannabinoids are used in a variety of products.
Are you wondering how cannabinoids do what they do and exactly how they work? That’s a natural direction for your brain to go!
All types of cannabinoids operate in a similar fashion. Once you’ve consumed them, they work with your body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS) to yield all sorts of results.
Bear in mind, though, that each specific cannabinoid may produce its own distinct outcomes. Plus, any other plant compounds — terpenes, flavonoids, minerals, vitamins, etc. — that are tagging along in the cannabis may alter, amplify, or add effects.
For an in-depth intro to the ECS, be sure to read What is the Endocannabinoid System (ECS)? [Guide for Beginners] next.
Cannabis doesn’t start out with stockpiles of cannabinoids. Through a process called biosynthesis, the plants produce these chemical compounds. It’s like the plant has a little internal factory.
But, like a full-scale, real-life manufacturing plant, cannabis’ factories need raw inputs to transform into finished outputs (cannabinoids). These ingredients feeding into the production line are called precursors.
In the case of cannabinoids, the precursors are acids.(8,9) The following are the prime-time cannabinoid acids:
Cannabis makes THCA, CBDA, and CBCA from CBGA.(10) Sometimes these precursor substances are lumped in with cannabinoids. And you will see products that feature these cannabinoid-creating acids.
How sources define “major” is fairly subjective. This quartet represents the most prevalent, popular, researched, discussed, and/or commercialized cannabinoids. Let’s take a closer look at each.
A cannabinoid of many names, this one goes by: tetrahydrocannabinol, THC, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, delta-9, D9, Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, Δ-9-thc, Δ9. These are just the official chemical names — if you read our post What is Cannabis? Demystifying Hemp & Marijuana Once & For All, you’d know there are plenty more unofficial aliases.
Likely most reputed for its psychoactivity — ability to get you high — sound research and oodles of anecdotal observations suggest that it may also help with:
This is the most abundant cannabinoid in most marijuana strains.
Cannabidiol, also known as CBD, is well known for its ability to help people relax and deal with stress. It's also being investigated for its therapeutic potential for a host of health and wellness concerns, such as:
Currently, Epidiolex is the only FDA-approved CBD-based prescription drug. It’s reserved for only the most intractable cases of a few seizure disorders.
This is the most prevalent cannabinoid in most hemp varieties.
D8 occurs in nature, but in such small quantities that it’s not commercially viable. So, for use in delta-8 products, it’s usually made in a lab. Delta-8-THC can be created from CBD or THC; because CBD is federally legal, D8 is frequently derived from CBD.
The main selling point of D8 is that it is also psychoactive, yet offers a mellow high, gentler than that of THC. Delta-8 enthusiasts also report that this cannabinoid doesn’t come with THC’s side effects — like paranoia or anxiety.
This cannabinoid has a slight psychoactive kick, probably because it’s derived from THC. CBN is most abundant in the older, harvested cannabis flowers.
CBN shows promise as an:
If you haven’t noticed this cannabinoid sneaking into cannabis products yet, you will.
The majority of this cannabinoid is converted into THC or CBD during the development of the cannabis plant. Still, the trace amounts of it that remain have been anecdotally associated with:
This cannabinoid, too, is quickly finding its place in cannabis products.
You can do the math: 140 total cannabinoids less the major 5 = 136 others we haven't covered yet. We don’t have the room — and suspect you don’t have the time, interest, or mental bandwidth for — a run-through of 130+ minor cannabinoids. If you are interested in learning more, focus on the most popular, commercialized, and understood cream of the crop:
Cannabinoids are plant compounds found in cannabis. There are over 140 known — each with unique features and potential effects. Wellness enthusiasts and advocates seek out different cannabinoids in an effort to support their mental and physical health. Available cannabis products may contain multiple cannabinoids.
Cannabinoids are naturally-occurring compounds found in cannabis plants. There are over 140 known cannabinoids, each with its own distinct properties and potential effects. Each variety of cannabis has a unique cannabinoid profile.
THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) is a major cannabinoid. It’s the most abundant cannabinoid in most marijuana strains. The most noted characteristic of THC is probably that it is a psychoactive compound, meaning it can make you high.
CBD (cannabidiol), another major cannabinoid, is the main cannabinoid in hemp. It’s touted for its calming effects. Studies also suggest it may also be an effective anti-inflammatory and pain reliever.
We’re sure you have at least some awareness of THC as it’s the thing that gives marijuana its notable zing. Still, though, if you’re intent on being a confident and savvy cannabis user — learning more about this compund will serve you well. Especially since you’re introducing this cannabinoid into your body.
A well-grounded understanding of THC can help ensure you’re:
That’s a lot of THC territory to cover, so let’s get this show on the road!
THC is shorthand for tetrahydrocannabinol. Tetrahydrocannabinol is just one of 140+ cannabinoids in cannabis. Cannabinoids, are a special kind of phytocompound found in cannabis plants, engage with your endocannabinoid system to instigate numerous mental and physical responses in your body.
For a better understanding of THC, you have to know a little about CBD (cannabidiol). CBD is another much-discussed cannabinoid — partly because it’s awesome, partly because it’s legal and easy to get your hands on.
Here’s a quick summary of key ways THC and CBD compare.
Both have great potential to support and improve health and wellness in many ways. These cannabinoids have been used recreationally and medicinally for hundreds of generations. (Archaeological proof shows that hemp and marijuana plants — two varieties of cannabis — have been intentionally bred and farmed for more than 10,000 years.)
The main — or most notable — difference between these cannabinoids is that THC’s a mind-altering substance, whereas CBD isn’t. THC is reputed for its psychoactive effect, aka “high.” Some people experience anxiety or paranoia, too. CBD doesn’t contain any chemical attributes that can cause a psychoactive response so it can’t intoxicate you. CBD’s claim to fame is its ability to soothe and destress.
Getting your THC from marijuana is an option. But many folks get their THC spike in the CBD oil products they use. So, we have to talk about THC in CBD oil products.
CBD comes in three types — two of which contain at least trace amounts of THC. If you’re interested in THC, it’s handy to know one from the other.
Keeping it simple, here’s a high-level overview of the different CBD extract types:
Each type has its strengths and weaknesses. No one type is right for everybody or all the time.
Full- and broad-spectrum CBD up your odds of getting an entourage effect, the synergistic response your body may have due to the cocktail of cannabinoids, terpenes, flavonoids, and other plant compounds. But, that trace quantity of THC may spark a small euphoric sensation, positive drug test, etc.
Isolate offers none of THC’s potential but also has none of its possible drawbacks.
Producers create a never-ending portfolio of THC-inclusive products. If that’s not enough, you can DIY your own with full- or broad-spectrum CBD drops or THC tinctures.
There’s no shortage of products containing THC. You have marijuana-derived as well as hemp CBD products — like the ones below — to satisfy and delight you.
How you consume your THC depends on the product you chose. There are preparations that can be:
Each formulation and consumption method has its virtues. For example: Softgels are slower acting but longer lasting whereas sublingual CBD oil tinctures are faster acting but shorter lived.
Your body strives towards homeostasis, a state of optimal balance when all systems and functions are in peak working order. Cannabinoids — through your endocannabinoid system (ECS) — contribute to homeostasis.(1,2)
Almost all animals have an ECS, a complex system of receptors, endocannabinoids, and enzymes. This network helps control or regulate many bodily systems and functions, from sleep to metabolism and mood to pain management.
THC binds with both the CB1 and CB2 receptors in the ECS, in a way mimics how endocannabinoids bond with the receptors. It’s thought that source of THC’s powerful effects are twofold:
This is a tour de force that ideally produces the beneficial wellness outcomes THC users are pursuing.
THC has been in the natural care kit for thousands of years, used for everything from easing labor pains to coping with cancer to addressing constipation. Today, THC is used to help with conditions like:(2,3,4)
Cannabis and cannabinoids are so full of promise that you can expect a steady flow of new research to continue. As the medical and scientific communities reveal more about THC’s capabilities and efficacy, it’s likely that therapies (and laws and cultural norms) will evolve and advance.
How you use THC-containing products is up to you. There’s no one-size-fits-all approach. And your needs and preferences may evolve over time.
Bearing that in mind, here are some suggestions to get you started:
There’s no one, simple answer to this question. So, let’s tease it apart a bit.
First, though, remember that each person unique and every product is different. No single answer can encapsulate all scenarios, so what’s laid out below is generalized.
Safety starts with the base. For THC products in the US, this generally means marijuana or hemp from the cannabis sativa species.
Much of the THC in circulation is contained in CBD oil products. Many of these items use hemp seed oil as a carrier. According to the FDA, hemp is both very nutritious and Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS).(5)
Marijuana (the plant) hasn’t been evaluated as a food like hemp has been. So, what we’re left to examine for safety cues are scientific data, historical records, and anecdotal reports from users. But, most sources equate marijuana to THC (and vice versa) — so we’ll pick up the THC safety question in the next section.
Of course, almost everyone agrees that more research is needed to conclusively say the various cultivars of cannabis are safe.
THC Itself
Let’s talk specifically about THC, the cannabinoid.
The existing (and ever-growing!) body of knowledge indicates that marijuana:
On the topic of side effects, common ones may include: (3,8,9,10)
Potential Short-Term Side Effects
These typically go away pretty soon after stopping THC use.
Possible Long-Term Side Effects
THC use is associated with negative health conditions and outcomes such as:
THC can also interfere with some medications and supplements and may be a bad idea for those with certain medical conditions. People who’re pregnant or nursing or children (under 18 years old) should stay away from THC unless approved by a qualified physician. The takeaway here — consult with your doctor to make sure it’s okay for you to give THC a shot.
Legalized THC products are likely safer than street marijuana. This is because legal marijuana is subject to stringent lab testing, which will ensure there are harmful toxins (e.g., pesticides) laced in.
As with anything, there’s a chance of adverse reactions associated with using THC. You’ll need to weigh the pros vs the cons to see which way the scale tips for you.
Your THC-infused goods aren’t 100% THC — there are other ingredients and maybe unintended contaminants. Each ingredient features its own safety profile. Dubiously-sourced ingredients can have unhealthful chemicals, heavy metals, etc. in them. Point being, you must pay attention to more than just the THC when considering how safe a product is.
You know the concept of garbage in, garbage out? It holds true for cannabis products in a big way.
Generally speaking, products with fewer and more natural ingredients tend to be safer. So, look for products that:
Marijuana is currently illegal at the federal level. It’s classified as a Schedule I drug and is tightly regulated as a controlled substance.
There’s a bill in Congress right now (April 2022) that seeks to legalize marijuana at the national level. If popular sentiment is any indicator — most Americans are in favor of legalizing marijuana to some degree — the legislation will go through. This is definitely something to keep your eyes on!
Meanwhile, many states permit some form of medical and/or recreational marijuana use. And each election cycle sees new states adding themselves to the ranks of MJ-friendly jurisdictions.
THC in CBD oil has been federally legal since 2018, thanks to that year’s Farm Bill. This law says that hemp-derived CBD is lawful so long as it has no more than 0.3% THC by weight.
The only FDA-approved form of THC is dronabinol (aka Marinol and Syndros). This drug is made with a synthesized (artificial) THC that retains all the “good” stuff and none of the “undesirable” properties of nature made THC. This med is given to cancer or AIDS patients, primarily to ease nausea and improve appetite.(10)
This is bound to come up sooner or later. You can fail a drug test if the detectable amount of THC in your body exceeds the upper parameter of the drug screening you’re doing.
It’s impossible to say how long THC hangs out in your body. It hinges on multiple factors: frequency of use, amount taken, formulation, your metabolism, etc. Smoked or vaped THC exits the system faster than THC you scarfed down in a magic brownie.
The kind of drug test being administered is also key. For example, THC is only detectable via blood tests for about a week, but a hair sample can hold evidence of THC for three months.(4)
Overall, THC may be detectable for 1 to 90 days.
Savvy shoppers are rewarded with better products and deals. It takes a little practice, but once you get the hang of doing your research — rounding up the best of the best will be a breeze.
Here are some helpful pointers to guide your explorations:
Your options for purchasing THC-infused products depends on where you are and what kind of product you’re after.
Full spectrum CBD goods derived from hemp are readily available online, in many brick-and-mortar health stores, vitamin shops, spas, natural grocers, specialty boutiques, and dispensaries, and even at some farmers markets.
Marijuana-derived THC and high-THC (i.e., THC content exceeds 0.3%) items can only be purchased in person at regulated dispensaries.
Hemp-derived CBD with less than 0.3% THC can be shipped nationwide because it was made a-okay by the 2018 Farm Bill. This makes online shopping a terrific option.
But, local laws and regulations vary. This means that, even though sellers are cleared for interstate commerce, it may not be legal for you to have or consume CBD in your area. It’s always recommended to double check the laws where you live to see what’s allowed.
The same goes for other kinds of THC products. Each state seems to have a unique allowance for recreational and medical marijuana and high-THC CBD products (including ones derived from hemp).
Opt for stores that offer a broad selection of high-quality products, accessible and sufficient product info, and well-informed staff. Check out the store’s services and policies to see if it meets your needs.
Shopping locally is a great way to establish a personal connection with the retailer, handle products before buying, and support a community business. And, like we said, this is your only choice for some THC products.
If you’re after federally-legal THC-containing CBD products, though, don’t discount the unbeatable value and convenience of shopping online.
THC is one of the many cannabinoids in cannabis. You can find THC in both marijuana and hemp products.
While mainly known for its ability to cause a high, THC has many potential uses in maintaining and boosting wellness. It may help with pain, eye health, sleep troubles, low appetite, and more.
Hemp-derived CBD with no more than 0.3% THC is federally legal. Marijuana-sourced THC and all high-THC products are still illegal at the federal level. Local laws vary and are in flux, so it’s necessary to periodically check what’s allowed in your area.
You can buy CBD products with limited THC online or [often] in person. Marijuana THC and high-THC items can only be purchased in person where approved. Regardless, only shop with trustworthy retailers and get high-quality products that fit your needs and preferences.
THC is short for tetrahydrocannabinol. Tetrahydrocannabinol is a cannabinoid (naturally-occurring plant substance) in cannabis — both marijuana (higher concentrations) and hemp (lower concentrations).
As a psychoactive compound, THC can get you high. But, it may also help you achieve a host of positive wellness outcomes — like ease pain, reduce nausea, facilitate sleep, and lessen muscle spasms. Some people experience downsides to THC (e.g., anxiety or paranoia). Ultimately, what THC does for you may differ from the result others experience.
Yes and no. 0.3% or less THC that accompanies hemp-derived CBD is federally legal; local jurisdictions have their own assortment of laws on how much THC is permitted in CBD oil products. THC in the form of marijuana-based products is currently illegal at the federal level (though as of April 2022 there is legislation in Congress that would change this!). Again, each state has its own medical and recreational marijuana rules. Laws are fluid — so your best bet is to check the legalities of THC in your area before purchasing.
When you hear the word entourage, your mind might veer towards that cable TV show from the 2000s.
That’s not what we’re talking about that here, today. We’re going on a deep dive into all things entourage effect. This is a phenomenon that’s special to some forms of cannabis.
The entourage effect can be incredibly helpful, so it’s a good thing to fully understand basics like:
The entourage effect is synergy. It’s what happens when the sum is greater than the total of its parts.
In terms of cannabis, it’s the bonus you may get from consuming a product with a comprehensive profile of cannabinoids and other plant compounds.
There are several hundred known chemical substances in cannabis. At least 140 of them are cannabinoids. The balance are terpenes, flavonoids, vitamins, minerals, etc.
Each phytocompound — be it a cannabinoid like CBD or THC or some other constituent — features its own unique therapeutic and nutritional profile. Each component packs its particular menu of wellness-boosting potential.
You might think, “Wow! Those plant compounds are awesome!” And they just may be. But, they may have even more impact bundled than as separate entities.
Researchers found that, when consumed together, the various cannabis molecules conspire. As a group, they exhibit significantly more activity. Even inactive constituents can be coaxed into motion.(1)
Interestingly, the entourage effect doesn’t necessarily mean that the results of your cannabis are increased (though they certainly may be). The entourage effect can:
Currently, the entourage effect is technically a working theory. Consumers, clinicians, and researchers alike were seeing evidence of some X factor when cannabinoids were jointly taken with other cannabinoids and plant compounds. Enter the entourage effect, a means of encapsulating and explaining what was going on.
Much of the data indicates that it’s mostly the coupling of cannabinoids and terpenes that yields the entourage effect. Flavonoids are also helpful and likely play a supporting role.
Several studies and research reviews express that the case for there being an entourage effect is strong and backed by some data.(1) However, because marijuana is still a Schedule I drug, studying the entourage effect is difficult. Access to THC-rich forms of cannabis is tightly restricted — making it nearly impossible to run high-quality, large-scale clinical trials that truly investigate the range of cannabinoids.
Experts agree that more research is needed and are hopeful that will happen in coming years.
This is where the rubber meets the road. The entourage effect sounds great — but what’s important is how it could help you, in meaningful ways, in real life, right now.
Among other things, the entourage effect may help with:(2,3)
With personalized medicine coming down the pike, cannabis researchers and breeders are busy researching the characteristics of individual strains of cannabis. They’re leveraging tons of data to determine which genetic markers, chemical combos, etc. yield specific results.
The goal here is to create customized varieties of cannabis — with equally bespoke entourage effects — to address the health concerns of any given patient or consumer.(4) In the future, you might be able to tailor your cannabis to (potentially) get the precise entourage effect and outcomes you’re after.
The entourage effect can also influence your cannabis experience. It can help:
Now that you know what it is and why it can be a good thing, you probably want to enjoy the entourage effect yourself. We don’t blame you!
Probably the main element of the equation is the product you’re using. The entourage effect requires an ensemble of phytocompounds — cannabinoids, terpenes, and so on.
If you’re taking a CBD isolate product, you’re getting a solitary cannabinoid. There’s nothing else there for the cannabidiol to synergize with.
So, what sorts of cannabis products should you be stocking up on if you want to bring on the entourage effect? Opt for:
There’s a reason you often see these multi-cannabinoid products being touted. These lines of products have more than one cannabinoid, plus all the goodness of the cannabis’s terpenoids, flavonoids, and other nutrients. The makings of an entourage effect are all in there!
Bioavailability of the cannabis compounds can impact the presence, nature, and magnitude of the entourage effect.
Bioavailability simply refers to how easily and efficiently your body can absorb, assimilate, and utilize a substance. Something with better bioavailability can be introduced into your system more quickly, will likely be faster-acting, and may facilitate an entourage effect.
And because your body’s able to use the substance more readily, you can use less. More bang for your hard-earned buck! Bioavailability lets you wring more value out of your cannabis products.
You can boost bioavailability of your cannabis by selecting products that are:
There’s also a chance that you won’t experience the entourage effect.
Outcomes of cannabis consumption can be highly personalized. So many factors — the type of cannabis used, the regimen you follow, your metabolism, etc. — play a role.(5)
But, if you aren’t noticing an entourage effect now — tinkering with one or more variables might flip that switch for you. It often takes time, patience, and experimentation to find the cannabis regime that works best for your needs and preferences.
The entourage effect is when cannabis compounds — like cannabinoids and terpenes — behave synergistically to enhance results. The belief is that compounds work better as an ensemble rather than a bunch of solo acts.
To experience the entourage effect, choose cannabis products with an array of phytocompounds. Using ones that are natural and nanotized for better bioavailability may also help you realize the entourage effect.
Still, though, not everyone feels the entourage effect every time with every cannabis product. It may take time and experimentation to find what works for you.
The entourage effect occurs when you experience extra or different — better — effects from your cannabis due to the mix of individual cannabinoids, terpenes, flavonoids, and other plant compounds. It’s a desirable synergistic phenomenon in which the “whole” is greater than the sum of the “parts.”
You need to use full- or broad-spectrum CBD products, or other cannabis products that feature multiple cannabinoids and other phytocompounds. Note, though, that some people may not experience the entourage effect no matter what they do or what cannabis products they consume.
The entourage effect is favorable because it can increase or expand the positive wellness results from using cannabis. It can also instigate wholly different responses in your body than any single cannabis substance can on its own. Lastly, the entourage effect can modulate the impact of certain cannabinoids — e.g., CBD may mellow THC’s intoxicating effects.
A good night’s sleep isn’t always an easy thing to come by. And as we age, getting high quality sleep can become even more difficult — especially for women. For some women, this means tossing and turning all night and yawning all day, which can have a serious impact on daily functioning and enjoyment of life. This has left some wondering whether options like cannabis might help improve sleep quality.
While researchers are still investigating the extent to which cannabis and its components, like CBD or THC, can be used to help improve sleep, anecdotal reports from patients, and some research does point in a hopeful direction, suggesting that cannabis can make a notable difference when it comes to getting sleep.
Curious about using cannabis for your own sleep? Read on to learn all about the science behind using cannabis for sleep, and how it might benefit women over 50.
Sleeplessness is a problem that can impact anyone, but it is an especially prominent issue for women over 50. Studies show that sleep issues escalate during perimenopause, the time leading up to menopause, with more than half of these women getting less than 7 hours of sleep at night. And unfortunately, these symptoms continue to linger after menopause is complete. Nearly 36% of postmenopausal women say they have trouble sleeping through the night. Postmenopausal women are also more likely to report difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep and feeling well rested than your average person.
So, why do women have so many more sleep issues at this time of life? Well, there are a few main reasons. For one thing, hormonal shifts can have a big impact on sleep — leading to insomnia for some women. These changes can also lead to other symptoms that can disrupt sleep.
Women at this age are also more likely to suffer from conditions like sleep apnea, fibromyalgia, anxiety, depression, or restless leg syndrome, all of which can really interfere with sleep. To add to this, conditions like heart failure, lung disease and psychiatric disorders increase with age, and the medications used to treat these conditions can also lead to insomnia.
The result is that women over 50 are at serious increased risk of not getting enough sleep. And sleep is simply too important to miss out on on a regular basis. But luckily, cannabis may be able to help!
The sleep issues that women over 50 face are real! But many women report that cannabis can help ease these problems and provide more restful nights. So how does cannabis pull off this insomnia defying feat? While scientists are still studying cannabis’ impact on sleep, and say that more research is needed to truly understand it, they do have some theories about why cannabis might help.
Cannabis interacts with the human body primarily through a system known as the endocannabinoid system. This key system in the human body is tasked with keeping many of our bodily functions in balance, or homeostasis. From pain, to hunger, to inflammation, to mood, to memory, this system influences, stimulates and maintains balance for some of the most important aspects of our physical life. And one important function that is regulated by the endocannabinoid system is sleep.
This system is made up of many receptors in the body, such as CB1 and CB2 receptors, which are activated by natural chemicals in the body called endocannabinoids. When the endocannabinoids stimulate the receptors, it triggers the system's many different effects. But interestingly, the cannabinoids in the cannabis plant are also able to stimulate these receptors. So when someone takes cannabis, they are able to activate the endocannabinoid system and its many functions.
With sleep, we know that activating CB1 receptors usually induces sleep. To add to this, it can also cause changes in the stability and length of non-rapid eye movement sleep, which is very important in getting quality rest. So, researchers believe that cannabis’ ability to stimulate CB1 is primarily responsible for its impact on sleep. To learn what that impact is, we will have to look at the clinical research on humans using cannabis for sleep.
Cannabis has a long history as a sleep aid. In fact, it’s been used for its sedative qualities since ancient times. But in modern times, people also report sleep inducing properties from this age-old remedy. One survey of 1,000 recreational cannabis users found that cannabis was being used as a sleep aid by 74% of them, and 84% of those using it this way reported that it was helping them get better sleep. 83% also said that with cannabis, they were able to reduce or stop taking other sleep aids.
When it comes to clinical research on cannabis and sleep, the science isn’t quite where researchers would like it to be. We don’t have particularly high quality data yet, still, there is some research that suggests cannabis can help with sleep.
For example, one study looked at the impact THC had on sleep. The scientists studied healthy insomniacs over six weeks, and found that those using THC took significantly less time to fall asleep. They also found that participants given THC woke up less during the night.
Still, some research suggests that cannabis’ impact on sleep might vary based on factors like the dose or strain. One study found that lower doses of cannabis decreased the time it took to fall asleep, but higher doses actually increased it — suggesting that more isn’t always better when it comes to using cannabis for sleep.
Another study found that cannabis strain may play a role in how cannabis affects our sleep. This study looked at preferences between different varieties of cannabis, for those using cannabis for sleep. They found that those using cannabis to prevent nightmares usually preferred sativa strains of cannabis. On the other hand, those who were trying to use cannabis to fall asleep more quickly prefered strains that were high in CBD. So it is highly possible that different types of cannabis — with different chemical profiles — may be suited to different sleep applications. And some strains may not be very helpful at all.
A review of previous sleep studies on cannabis also found that CBD might be helpful for REM sleep behaviour disorder — a condition where people physically act out their dreams, and that it could prevent excessive daytime sleepiness.
Unfortunately, not all the research suggests benefits for sleep. One survey found that cannabis users were more likely to have sleep disturbances than those who didn’t use cannabis. Still, it’s not clear in this study if the cannabis was causing the sleep disturbances, or the sleep disturbances were motivating the cannabis use.
Still, despite this, reviews on cannabis and sleep are generally optimistic about cannabis as a sleep aid. The National Academy of Sciences meta-review on cannabis from 2017, for example, found moderate evidence that cannabis could help with short-term sleep outcomes for patients with conditions like fibromyalgia, sleep apnea, chronic pain, or multiple sclerosis. Another 2017 review, from the University of Pennsylvania, concurred with this conclusion, and also found that cannabis may help reduce or prevent the nightmares associated with PTSD.
Most researchers on cannabis and sleep warn that more research — particularly double-blind clinical trials — is needed to come to strong conclusions about cannabis’ impact on sleep. Still the evidence that we have is hopeful that cannabis can help. For those who are curious about whether it will help them, there is only one way to find out. Talk to your doctor, and try it out for yourself.
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